TABLE DR1. PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE VALUES OF CARBONIFEROUS BRACHIOPOD SHELLS FROM NORTH AMERICA. Samples* Species MS  L.C. ¤ M# Outer rim Notes M. A. ** _13C (ä) _18O (ä) Virgilian, Necessity Cycle, Gunsight Fm., limestone (Park Road 15 near Lake Brownwood, TX) TX023-1 Composita p NL/SL L L NL p 4.77 -2.74 TX023-2 L m 1.50 -4.17 TX024-1 Composita p NL L L NL p 5.13 -2.60 TX024-2 L m 1.56 -4.20 TX025-1 Composita p, f NL/SL L L NL p 4.70 -1.57 TX025-2 L m 1.61 -3.89 TX026-1 Composita p NL/SL L L NL p 5.62 -2.33 TX026-2 L m 2.44 -4.12 TX026-3 NL c 3.23 -6.77 Missourian, Upper Winchell Cycle, limestone (Lake Brownwood spillway, TX) +270 cm TX001-1 Neophricodothyris p NL L L NL p 5.09 -2.24 TX001-2 L m 2.78 -6.45 TX003-1 Neophricodothyris p, f NL L L NL p 4.67 -1.88 TX003-2 L m 2.49 -4.93 TX005-1 Neophricodothyris p NL/SL L L NL/SL p 4.78 -2.15 TX005-2 L m 2.51 -5.38 TX008-1 Neophricodothyris p NL L L NL p 5.05 -2.37 TX008-2 L m 1.71 -4.45 TX009-1 Neophricodothyris p NL/SL L L NL/SL p 4.61 -2.34 TX009-2 L c 3.56 -7.34 TX009-3 L m 1.53 -3.84 TX010-1 Neophricodothyris p NL L L NL p 4.85 -2.19 TX010-2 L m 1.65 -3.90 TX013-1 Neospirifer p,f NL/SL L L NL p 3.53 -1.96 TX013-2 L c 3.77 -7.62 TX013-3 L m -0.16 -3.26 -30 cm TX014-1 Composita p,f NL/SL L L NL p 4.74 -2.61 TX014-2 L c 1.55 -8.11 TX015-1 Productids f L/SNL L L L/NL f 1.24 -3.51 TX015-2 L m 2.14 -4.34 TX016-1 Productids f L/SNL L L L/NL f 3.78 -4.17 TX016-2 L/NL m -3.79 -4.85 TX017-1 Neospirifer p, f NL/SL L L NL p 3.68 -2.42 TX017-2 L m 1.40 -4.24 -60 cm TX018 Neospirifer p NL NL p 4.02 -3.08 TX019-1 Composita p, f NL/SL L NL p 4.82 -2.49 TX019-2 L m 1.84 -4.21 TX020-1 Composita p, f NL/SL L L NL p 4.94 -2.33 TX020-2 L m 1.36 -5.26 -80 cm TX021-1 Composita f NL/SL L L NL f 5.62 -2.56 TX021-2 L m 1.51 -3.21 top Desmoinesian, Lost Branch Cycle, shale (Trading Post, north of Pleasanton, KS) X122 Crurithyris cut & eliminate X123 Crurithyris f NL/SL L L NL/SL f 2.87 -2.52 X125 Composita p NL/SL L NL p 4.47 -2.17 X126 Composita p NL/SL L NL p 4.20 -2.45 X127 Composita p+f NL/SL L NL p 4.55 -2.30 top Desmoinesian, Lost Branch Cycle, shale (Christianberry up 1/2', 2 miles northwest of Holdenville, OK) 4.55 -2.30 X133 Composita p NL/SL L NL p 5.48 -2.34 X134 Neophricodothyris p NL/SL L L NL p 4.22 -2.55 X135 Neophricodothyris p NL/SL L NL p 4.42 -2.58 X136 Neophricodothyris p NL/SL L L NL p 4.28 -2.80 U. Desmoinesian, Norfleet Cycle, shale (Verdigris River bridge-1", near Coffeyville, KS) X159 Composita p NL L NL p 3.93 -1.25 X161 Neophricodothyris p NL/SL L NL p 3.72 -0.99 U. Desmoinesian, Altamont Cycle, shale (Witzke GSI7, NW1/4, T 78N, R 30W, Guthrie County - low, IA) X179 Composita p NL/SL L NL p 4.59 -1.76 X184 Composita u L/SNL L L/SNL u 4.37 -1.89 X185-1 Composita p NL/SL L NL/SL p 4.38 -1.61 X185-2 Composita L/SNL u 3.34 -1.77 U. Desmoinesian, Altamont Cycle, shale (NAC Amerada core 373.1-373.2, northwest of Nehawka, NE) Y20 Composita p+f NL/SL L NL p 4.32 -0.77 Y21-1 Composita p NL/SL L NL/SL p 5.47 -0.70 Y21-2 Composita L c -3.99 -3.60 U. Desmoinesian, post-Mulberry Cycle, shale (post-Mulberry pit -2', 2 miles south of Amsterdam, Bates County, MO) X188 Crurithyris f NL L NL f 1.89 -2.80 U. Desmoinesian, Pawnee Cycle, shale (ILC Logan core 168.9-171.8, Logan, IA) Y78 Composita p NL/SL L L NL p 5.42 -1.94 Y79 Composita p NL/SL L NL p 4.47 -1.59 Y80-1 Composita p+f NL/SL L L NL p 4.27 -2.39 Y80-2 Composita L m -4.16 -2.59 Y81 Composita p NL L NL p 3.98 -2.10 Y82 Composita f NL/SL L NL f 4.60 -1.61 Desmoinesian, Upper Fort Scott Cycle, shale (ILC Logan core 209.3-209.7, Logan, IA) Y85 Composita p NL L NL p 4.30 -1.83 Y86-1 Composita p+f NL/SL L L NL p 3.71 -1.80 Y86-2 Composita L/SNL c -5.99 -5.34 Desmoinesian, Upper Grindstone Creek Fm., shale (Rt. 4 & I-20, Weatherford, TX) TXD001 Neospirifer cameratus f NL/SL L NL f 4.24 -2.96 TXD002 Neospirifer cameratus p+f NL/SL L L NL p 4.40 -2.68 TXD003-1 Neospirifer cameratus p+f NL/SL L L NL p 4.20 -2.66 TXD003-2 L c 0.16 -8.74 TXD004-1 Composita subtilita p+f NL/SL L L NL p 4.15 -2.31 TXD004-2 NL p 4.80 -2.34 TXD006-1 Composita subtilita p NL/SL L L NL p 5.11 -2.47 TXD006-2 NL p 4.64 -2.32 TXD007 Composita subtilita p NL/SL L NL p 4.60 -2.47 M. Desmoinesian, Verdigris Cycle, shale (Lake Bixoma spillway, 2 miles south of Leonard, OK) X198 Neospirifer p NL L NL p 3.17 -0.05 X199 Neospirifer p+f NL/SL L NL p 3.42 0.09 M. Desmoinesian, Lower Grindstone Creek Fm., Brannon Bridge limestone (Weatherford quarry, TX) TXD009-1 Neospirifer cameratus p NL L L NL p 4.82 -2.80 TXD009-2 L m 1.46 -4.50 TXD012-1 Neospirifer cameratus p+f NL/SL L NL p 4.51 -2.81 TXD012-2 NL p 4.28 -3.04 TXD013 Neospirifer cameratus p NL/SL L NL p 4.80 -2.66 TXD014 Neospirifer cameratus p NL/SL L NL p 4.36 -2.76 TXD015-1 Composita subtilita p NL/SL L NL p 5.63 -3.03 TXD015-2 L m 0.32 -4.11 TXD016-1 Composita subtilita p NL L NL p 5.23 -2.49 TXD016-2 L m 0.73 -5.40 TXD018-1 Composita subtilita p+f NL/SL L NL p 5.73 -2.80 TXD018-2 L m 2.04 -3.54 TXD019 Neospirifer cameratus cf NL/SL L NL cf 3.80 -2.71 TXD020-1 Composita subtilita p NL L L NL p 5.56 -2.27 TXD020-2 L m 2.41 -3.86 Desmoinesian, Lazy Bend Fm., Dennis Bridge limestone (Weatherford, TX) TXD022-1 Composita argentea cf NL/SL L NL cf 5.58 -2.41 TXD022-2 L m -0.66 -4.65 TXD024-1 Composita argentea p NL/SL L NL p 5.90 -2.37 TXD024-2 L m 1.15 -5.41 TXD29-1 Composita argentea p NL/SL L NL p 5.86 -2.62 TXD29-2 L m -1.22 -4.55 TXD030-1 Neophricodothyris perplexa p NL/SL L NL p 4.99 -2.59 TXD030-2 L m 0.07 -5.93 Desmoinesian, Dickerson Fm., limestone (Martin Ranch, Weatherford, TX) TXD032-a-1 Neospirifer cameratus p+f NL L L NL p 3.61 -1.56 TXD032-a-2 NL p 3.31 -1.18 TXD032-a-3 NL p 4.13 -1.49 TXD033-a-1 Neospirifer cameratus NL p 2.74 -1.41 TXD033-a-2 NL p 3.98 -1.50 TXD034-a-1 Neospirifer cameratus p NL/SL L NL p 3.04 -1.45 TXD034-a-2 NL p 4.01 -1.36 TXD036-1 Neophricodothyris perplexa p+f NL/SL L L NL p 5.06 -1.38 TXD036-2 L m -2.61 -4.58 TXD037 Neophricodothyris perplexa NL p 3.41 -1.86 Moscovian, Hare Fiord Fm., Tellevak Limestone Member, limestone (Ellesmere Island, Geological Survey of Canada 56430) GSC001-1 Meristorygma arctica p NL/SL L L twinned NL/SL p 5.69 -0.46 GSC001-2 Lm 4.82 -2.91 GSC002-1 Meristorygma arctica p NL/SL L L twinned NL/SL p 5.37 -0.54 GSC002-2 Lm 4.37 -2.21 GSC003-1 Meristorygma arctica p NL/SL L L twinned NL/SL p 5.43 -0.76 GSC003-2 L m 4.70 -0.40 GSC004-1 Tiramnia grunti p NL/SL L L twinned NL/SL p 5.77 -0.72 GSC004-2 Lm 4.52 -2.08 GSC005-1 Tiramnia grunti p NL/SL L L NL/SL p 5.82 -0.54 GSC005-2 L m 4.69 -3.67 GSC006-1 Tiramnia grunti p NL/SL L L NL p 5.52 -0.48 GSC006-2 L m 4.46 -6.04 GSC007-1 Tiramnia walteri p NL/SL L L twinned NL p 5.51 -0.18 GSC007-2 NL p 5.72 -0.26 GSC007-3 L m 4.77 -5.28 GSC008-1 Tiramnia walteri p NL/SL L L twinned NL/SL p 5.92 0.09 GSC008-2 Lm 4.67 -4.81 Moscovian, Hare Fiord Fm., Tellevak Limestone Member, limestone (Ellesmere Island, Geological Survey of Canada 60194) GSC009-1 Parachoristites tellevakensis p NL/SL L L NL/SL p 6.39 0.15 GSC009-2 Lm&c 6.15 -3.64 GSC010-1 Parachoristites tellevakensis p NL/SL L L twinned NL p 6.71 -0.58 GSC010-2 L m 6.28 -3.57 Morrowan, Sausbee Fm., Braggs Member, Unit 10, limestone (Chisum Quarry, OK) OK001-a-1 Spirifer gorei p+f NL/SL L SP NL p 3.32 -1.66 OK001-b-1 NL p 3.97 -1.26 OK002 Spirifer gorei p+f NL/SL L L NL p 4.12 -2.07 OK003 Spirifer gorei p+f NL/SL L L NL p 3.87 -2.02 Morrowan, Sausbee Fm., Braggs Member, Unit 9, shale (Chisum Quarry, OK) OK011-1 Spirifer gorei p NL L NL p 3.71 -1.76 OK011-2 NL p 3.61 -1.83 OK012-1 Spirifer gorei p NL/SL L L NL p 4.80 -1.71 OK012-2 NL p 3.32 -1.86 OK012-3 NL p 3.88 -1.53 OK013 Spirifer gorei p NL/SL L L NL p 4.32 -1.74 OK014 Spirifer gorei p NL L L NL p 4.00 -1.91 Morrowan, Sausbee Fm., Braggs Member, Unit 7, shale (Chisum Quarry, OK) OK018 Spirifer gorei p NL/SL L NL p 4.96 -1.76 OK019-1 Spirifer gorei p NL/SL L L NL p 3.06 -2.45 OK019-2 NL p 3.16 -2.38 OK019-3 NL p 4.02 -1.46 OK023-1 Spirifer gorei p NL L L NL p 4.09 -2.22 OK023-2 NL p 3.94 -2.26 OK024-1 Composita ozarkana p NL L L NL p 4.96 -1.14 OK024-2 L m 3.04 -3.68 OK026-1 Composita ozarkana p NL/SL L L NL p 5.36 -1.34 OK026-2 NL/SL c 1.33 -3.73 OK026-3 L/SNL c 1.37 -4.04 OK028-1 Composita ozarkana p NL/SL L SP NL p 5.17 -0.75 OK028-2 NL/SL m 2.40 -5.22 OK029-1 Composita ozarkana p+f NL/SL L DL NL p 5.18 -1.06 OK029-2 L m 2.89 -4.44 Morrowan, Sausbee Fm., Braggs Member, Unit 6, shale (Chisum Quarry, OK) OK030-1 Spirifer gorei p NL/SL L NL p 3.95 -1.67 OK030-2 NL p 3.54 -1.26 OK030-3 NL p 3.95 -1.20 OK030-4 NL p 3.72 -1.30 OK031 Spirifer gorei p NL L NL p 4.17 -1.46 OK032 Spirifer gorei p NL/SL L NL p 4.25 -1.46 OK036-1 Spirifer gorei p NL L L NL p 3.91 -1.61 OK037 Spirifer gorei p NL L L NL p 4.68 -1.83 OK038-1 Composita ozarkana p NL L L NL p 5.38 -0.65 OK038-2 NL p 5.28 -0.75 OK039 Composita ozarkana p+f NL/SL L L NL p 5.03 -0.50 OK040 Composita ozarkana p NL/SL L L NL p 5.05 -0.81 Morrowan, Sausbee Fm., Braggs Member, Unit 6, shale (Webbers Fall section, OK) OK046-1 Spirifer gorei p NL/SL L L NL p 4.11 -1.77 OK046-2 NL p 4.20 -1.81 OK047-1 Spirifer gorei p NL L NL p 3.92 -2.29 OK047-2 NL p 3.51 -2.34 OK047-3 NL p 3.63 -2.49 OK047-4 NL p 3.51 -2.69 OK048 Spirifer gorei p NL L L NL p 4.15 -1.52 OK051-1 Composita ozarkana p NL/SL L NL p 5.11 -1.54 OK051-2 NL p 4.99 -1.49 OK052 Composita ozarkana p NL L DL NL p 5.06 -1.45 Morrowan, Sausbee Fm., Braggs Member, shale (Singin T Acres section, OK) OK054 Spirifer gorei p+f NL/SL L NL p 3.26 -2.49 OK055 Spirifer gorei p NL/SL L L NL p 3.82 -3.09 OK058 Composita ozarkana p NL L L NL p 5.00 -2.13 Chesterian, Kincaid Fm., Cave Hill Member, shale (Millstone Bluff Quarry, IL) ILL001-1 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL L L twinned NL p 2.19 -1.85 ILL001-2 L m 1.21 -4.23 ILL002-2 Anthracospirifer increbescens gf+p NL/SL L L NL p 1.64 -1.51 ILL005 Anthracospirifer increbescens p+f NL L L NL p 3.27 -2.67 ILL005A Anthracospirifer increbescens p+f NL L L NL p 2.01 -2.04 ILL006-1 Composita subquadrata gf+f NL/SL L DL NL/SL gf 2.73 -2.66 ILL008-1 Composita subquadrata gf+f NL/SL L L NL/SL gf 2.31 -1.92 ILL008-b-1 L m 1.47 -3.80 ILL008-b-2 L c 1.76 -3.86 ILL008-b-3 f NL/SL L L NL/SL f 2.82 -2.52 ILL009-1 Composita subquadrata f NL/SL L NL f 1.98 -2.60 ILL009-2 L m 1.96 -4.03 ILL010-1 Composita subquadrata f NL/SL L L NL/SL f 2.63 -1.63 ILL010-2 L c -0.16 -6.28 ILL011-1 Composita subquadrata f NL L L NL/SL f 2.72 -3.67 ILL011-2 L m 1.12 -6.05 ILL013-1 Composita subquadrata f NL/SL L NL/SL f 1.65 -2.55 ILL013-2 L m 0.00 -4.46 Chesterian, Kincaid Fm., Niggli Creek Member, limestone (Millstone Bluff Quary, IL) ILL019-a-1 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL/SL L L NL p 2.06 -2.59 ILL019-a-2 NL p 2.62 -3.36 ILL020 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL L L NL p 1.98 -2.81 ILL021-1 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL L L NL p 2.02 -2.92 ILL021-2 NL p 1.88 -3.14 Chesterian, Chlore Fm., Ford Station Member, limestone (Robbis Station RR cut, IL) ILL034-1 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL/SL L SP NL p 3.49 -3.09 ILL034-2 NL p 3.41 -3.25 ILL035-1 Anthracospirifer increbescens p+f NL/SL L NL p 2.47 -2.88 ILL035-2 NL p 2.60 -3.23 ILL036-1 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL/SL L NL p 3.03 -2.77 ILL036-2 NL p 3.23 -2.66 ILL041-1 Composita subquadrata f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL f 1.99 -2.81 ILL041-2 L m 0.68 -3.15 ILL042-a-1 Composita subquadrata f NL/SL L L NL f 2.91 -2.84 ILL042-a-2 NL f 3.03 -2.85 ILL042-a-3 L m 0.88 -3.05 ILL043-1 Composita subquadrata gf NL/SL L SP NL/SL gf 1.57 -2.75 ILL043-2 L m&c 1.10 -2.72 ILL045-1 Composita subquadrata f NL/SL L L NL/SL f 3.25 -2.92 ILL045-2 L m 0.64 -3.18 Chesterian, Ridenhower Fm., limestone (Vogel School, IL) ILL063-1 Anthracospirifer increbescens gf NL/SL L L NL cf 3.20 -3.94 ILL063-2 L m 1.05 -3.67 ILL064-1 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL/SL L L NL p 2.53 -3.67 ILL064-2 L m 0.35 -4.04 ILL065 Anthracospirifer increbescens p+f NL/SL L L NL p 3.30 -1.93 ILL066 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL L NL p 2.58 -2.80 ILL067 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL/SL L NL p 2.71 -3.13 ILL068 Anthracospirifer increbescens p NL/SL L NL p 2.66 -2.57 ILL074-1 Composita subquadrata f NL L L NL f 1.96 -4.00 ILL074-2 L c 0.32 -3.94 Chesterian, Pella Fm., NW corner Pond #3, shale (Oskaloosa Quary, IA) IA002-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL cf? 2.15 -0.47 IA002-2 L m -1.14 -3.68 IA003-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL p 2.78 -1.75 IA003-2 L m -0.73 -3.46 IA004-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL p 1.58 0.01 IA004-2 L m -1.21 -3.61 IA007-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L NL p 1.81 -1.12 IA007-2 L m -1.13 -3.09 IA008-1 Composita trinuclea f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL f 0.97 -1.51 IA008-2 L m -2.63 -4.36 Chesterian, Pella Fm., roaddcut W of Pond #4, shale (Oskaloosa Quary, IA) IA012-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p L/SNL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 2.45 -2.45 IA012-2 L m -0.40 -2.68 IA013-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL?f 1.75 -1.94 IA013-2 L m -3.10 -4.57 IA016-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL p 2.61 -0.79 IA016-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis NL p 2.60 -0.81 IA016-2 L m -2.94 -3.93 IA017-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 2.22 -2.16 IA017-2 L m -2.23 -3.74 IA018 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L NL p 2.44 -2.21 IA020 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L NL p 2.49 -2.17 IA021-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 3.10 -1.92 IA021-2 L dmc? -1.92 -3.79 IA022 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 2.63 -1.49 IA023 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 1.74 -1.87 IA024-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L L NL p 2.87 -0.79 IA024-2 L m -5.40 -5.98 IA027-a-1+2 Composita trinuclea f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL f 2.09 -0.38 IA027-a-3 L m -0.88 -3.33 IA032-1 Composita trinuclea f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL f 2.50 -0.82 IA032-2 L m -0.94 -3.30 IA033-1 Composita trinuclea f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL f 2.98 -1.02 IA033-2 L c -1.87 -3.83 IA034 Composita trinuclea f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL f 1.83 -1.58 Chesterian, Pella Fm., upper level [+5 ft], shale (Taylor Quarry, IA) IA040-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L NL/SL p 2.89 -1.34 IA040-2 L m -1.42 -3.78 IA041-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 1.99 -2.08 IA041-2 Anthracospirifer pellaensis L m -1.97 -3.88 IA044-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 2.62 -1.18 IA044-2 L dmc -1.71 -4.03 Chesterian, Pella Fm., mid level [10-15 ft], shale (Taylor Quarry, IA) IA056-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 2.46 -1.80 IA056-2 L m -1.80 -4.49 IA057-a-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 1.91 -2.00 IA057-a-2 L m -2.43 -4.13 IA058 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL p 2.07 -2.29 Chesterian, Pella Fm., lower level [+20 ft], shale (Taylor Quarry, IA) IA073-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis cf L/SNL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 1.22 -2.05 IA073-2 L m -1.89 -4.64 IA077-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 2.60 -1.23 IA077-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis NL/SL p 2.60 -1.30 IA077-2 L m -2.22 -4.07 IA078-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L NL/SL p 2.84 -1.70 IA078-2 L m -2.63 -4.45 IA080-1 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL p 2.07 -1.79 IA080-2 L dmc -1.75 -3.40 IA082 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 2.26 -2.51 IA083 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL L L NL p 3.66 -1.19 IA086 Anthracospirifer pellaensis p+f NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 1.86 -1.83 IA086A Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 2.11 -2.14 IA086B Anthracospirifer pellaensis p NL L Silicn. NL p 2.15 -2.18 IA089-1 Composita trinuclea f NL/SL L L NL/SL f 2.10 -0.49 IA089-2 Composita trinuclea L m -2.45 -4.49 IA090 Composita trinuclea f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL f 2.69 -2.58 IA094 Composita trinuclea f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL f 2.55 -1.84 Meramecian, Ullin Fm., road cut cliff [+20 ft], limestone (Columbia roadcut, IL) ILL082-1 Prospira washingtonensis p L/SNL L L Silicn. NL p 3.61 -2.32 ILL082-2 L m 3.54 -1.46 Meramecian, Ullin Fm., onramp cliff-SE [+10 ft], limestone (Columbia roadcut, IL) ILL085-1 Prospira washingtonensis p L/SNL L DL Silicn. NL p 3.37 -1.95 ILL085-2 L c&m 2.57 -6.97 ILL086-1 Prospira washingtonensis p NL L Silicn. NL p 3.38 -2.25 ILL086-2 L m 2.75 -5.41 ILL087-1 Prospira washingtonensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL p 2.95 -2.21 ILL087-2 L c&m 2.60 -5.11 Meramecian, Ullin Fm., onramp cliff-NW [+7 ft], limestone (Columbia roadcut, IL) ILL091 Prospira washingtonensis p NL/SL L DL Silicn. NL p 4.43 -2.32 ILL092-1 Prospira washingtonensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL p 4.29 -2.03 ILL092-2 NL p 3.53 -1.88 Meramecian, Ullin Fm., onramp ditch [+5 ft], limestone (Columbia roadcut, IL) ILL097-1 Prospira washingtonensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL p 3.07 -2.22 ILL097-2 L c 2.84 -6.94 ILL100 Prospira washingtonensis p NL L L Silicn. NL p 3.79 -2.53 Meramecian, Ullin Fm., basal bed [0 ft], limestone (Columbia roadcut, IL) ILL105-1 Prospira washingtonensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 3.36 -2.70 ILL105-2 L m 2.86 -2.41 L. Meramecian, Warsaw Fm., limestone (Meramec River Bridge, MO) MO001-1 Cleiothyridina obmaxima p+f NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 3.28 -1.05 MO001-2 Cleiothyridina obmaxima NL p 4.05 -1.12 MO005 Torynifer pseudolineatus f NL L NL f 3.32 -1.52 L. Meramecian, Warsaw Fm., limestone (S. Fenton, MO) MO012 Spirifer tenuicostatus p NL L Silicn. NL p 3.45 -1.36 MO014-1 Brachythyris suborbiculatus p NL L Silicn. NL p 3.92 -1.59 MO014-2 L/SNL c 1.69 -7.16 MO015 Brachythyris suborbiculatus p NL L Silicn. NL p 3.97 -1.44 MO016 Brachythyris suborbiculatus p NL L Silicn. NL p 4.05 -1.66 MO019-1 Syringothyris subcuspidatus f NL/SL L Silicn. NL f 3.91 -1.35 MO019-2 L c&m 2.09 -8.05 MO026-1 Torynifer pseudolineatus u to f NL/SL L Silicn. NL/SL f 4.13 -1.61 MO026-2 L/SNL m 2.08 -4.06 L. Meramecian, Warsaw Fm., limestone (Pink Elephant site, MO) MO034 Spirifer tenuicostatus p NL L Silicn. NL p 4.02 -1.70 MO035 Spirifer tenuicostatus p NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 2.86 -1.65 MO036-1 Spirifer tenuicostatus cf NL L Silicn. NL p 3.68 -1.60 MO036-2 NL p 3.33 -1.55 MO039 Brachythyris suborbiculatus p NL L Silicn. NL p 4.08 -1.30 MO040-1 Brachythyris suborbiculatus p NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 3.03 -1.45 MO040-2 Brachythyris suborbiculatus Silicn. L m 1.94 -4.62 MO042 Brachythyris suborbiculatus f NL L Silicn. NL p 3.98 -1.34 MO044-1 Cleiothyridina obmaxima p NL L L Silicn. NL p 4.71 -1.43 MO044-2 L c 2.78 -1.86 MO046 Cleiothyridina obmaxima p NL L L Silicn. NL p 4.23 -0.96 MO047 Cleiothyridina obmaxima p NL L L Silicn. NL p 4.88 -1.53 MO048-1 Cleiothyridina obmaxima p NL L L Silicn. NL p 4.25 -1.31 MO048-2 NL p 4.67 -0.96 MO054-1 Torynifer pseudolineatus f NL/SL L Silicn. NL f 3.54 -1.86 MO054-2 L c 1.93 -7.71 Osagian, Edwardsville Fm., shale (Etter Farms, Martinsville, IN) IND001-a-1 Composita globosa f NL/SL L L NL f 3.62 -0.52 IND001-a-2 L m -3.09 -4.29 IND002-1 Composita globosa f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL? f 4.12 -0.67 IND002-2 L m -6.52 -4.93 IND003-b-1 Composita globosa f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL f 3.52 -0.62 IND003-b-2 L m -7.53 -4.52 IND003-c-1 NL f 3.93 -0.89 IND004-a-1 Composita globosa f NL/SL L L NL/SL f 3.79 -0.65 IND004-a-2 L m -7.04 -6.50 IND006-1 Composita globosa f NL/SL L L NL/SL f 3.38 -0.61 IND016-1 Actinoconchus lamellosa p+f NL L L NL p 2.93 -0.40 IND016-2 NL p 2.85 -0.27 IND016-3 L m -3.03 -6.96 IND017-1 Actinoconchus lamellosa p+f NL L NL p 4.34 -0.25 IND018-1 Actinoconchus lamellosa p+f NL L L NL p 2.36 -0.47 IND018-2 L m&c -3.08 -6.34 IND023-a-1 Phricodothyris f NL/SL L L NL f 3.21 -0.65 IND023-a-2 L/SNL m -2.41 -3.64 IND024-a-1 Phricodothyris f NL/SL NL f 3.35 -0.25 IND026-1 Tylothyris sp. p NL L NL/SL p 3.36 -0.58 IND026-2 L/SNL m -5.62 -5.12 IND027-a-1 Tylothyris sp. p NL L L NL p 3.23 -0.14 IND027-a-2 NL p 3.76 -0.20 IND027-b-1 NL p 3.27 -0.29 IND027-b-2 NL p 4.52 0.08 Osagian, Burlington Fm., Cedar Fork Member, limestone (Keota Quarry, IA) IA104-1 Syringothyris typa f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL cf 4.63 -2.18 IA104-2 L c 0.31 -4.86 IA105-1 Syringothyris typa gf NL/SL L Silicn. NL/SL gf 4.75 -1.77 Osagian, Fern Glen Fm., limestone (Rock Creek Valley roadcut, MO) MO062-1 Marginatia fernglenensis u to f NL/SL L L NL/SL f 2.99 -1.34 MO062-2 L m 2.71 -2.91 MO063-1 Marginatia fernglenensis u to f L/SNL L NL/SL f 2.83 -1.54 MO063-2 L m 2.77 -2.36 MO065-1 Prospira vernonensis p NL L L Silicn. NL p 2.93 -1.78 MO065-2 NL p 3.38 -1.76 MO065-3 L m 1.99 -1.80 MO067-1 Prospira vernonensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 3.90 -1.85 MO067-2 L m 2.78 -2.51 MO068-1 Prospira vernonensis p NL L L Silicn. NL p 3.56 -1.56 MO068-2 L m 3.03 -1.54 MO070 Prospira vernonensis p NL L Silicn. NL p 3.45 -1.73 MO074 Prospira vernonensis p NL L Silicn. NL p 3.26 -1.50 MO076 Prospira vernonensis p NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 2.87 -1.56 MO077 Prospira vernonensis p NL/SL L Silicn. NL p 3.68 -1.27 MO078 Prospira vernonensis p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL p 3.51 -1.83 MO081-1 Torynifer glenparkensis f NL/SL L L NL/SL f 3.14 -1.17 MO081-2 L m 2.70 -2.30 MO083-1 Torynifer glenparkensis u NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL f 3.28 -0.87 MO083-2 L m 2.95 -1.58 Kinderhookian, Gilmore City Fm., Rhodocrinus zone, loading ramp, limestone (Hallett Quary, IA) IA110-1 Prospira cf. greenockensis p+f L/SNL L L NL p 5.83 -0.33 IA110-2 L m 4.31 -2.13 IA111 Prospira cf. greenockensis f NL L L NL f 4.39 -0.95 IA112-1 Prospira cf. greenockensis p+f NL/SL L L NL p 5.42 -1.79 IA112-2 NL p 4.96 -1.80 IA112-3 L c&m 2.16 -4.12 IA113-1 Prospira cf. greenockensis f NL L L NL f 5.00 -1.32 IA113-2 L m 3.43 -3.26 IA114 Prospira cf. greenockensis p NL/SL L SP NL p 4.64 -0.13 IA115-1 Prospira cf. greenockensis p+f NL/SL L L NL p 5.57 -1.76 IA115-1-2 L m 1.19 -4.07 IA116-1 Prospira cf. greenockensis p NL/SL L L NL p 5.00 -1.76 IA116-2 NL p 6.11 -1.61 IA116-3 L c&m 0.08 -4.76 IA117-1+2 Prospira cf. greenockensis p NL/SL L L NL p 5.55 -0.77 IA140-1 Composita humilis f L/SNL L L NL f 5.89 -1.31 IA140-2 L m 2.93 -2.99 IA142-1 Composita humilis f NL L L NL f 5.56 -1.22 IA142-2 L m 0.43 -5.11 Kinderhookian, Gilmore City Fm., Rhodocrinus zone, pit location, limestone (Hallett Quarry, IA) IA143 Prospira cf. greenockensis f L/SNL L L NL f 6.13 -0.37 IA144 Prospira cf. greenockensis p+f NL/SL L L NL p 5.31 -0.17 IA145 Prospira cf. greenockensis p NL/SL L L NL p 6.01 -0.27 IA146-a-1+2 Prospira cf. greenockensis p+f NL/SL L L NL cf 5.30 -1.29 IA146-a-3 NL p 5.91 -0.56 IA146-b-1 NL p 5.72 -0.55 IA146-b-2 L m 5.75 -3.54 Kinderhookian, Gilmore City Fm., limestone (Midwest Quarry, IA) IA197-1 Prospira greenockensis p NL L NL p 5.67 -0.16 IA197-2 NL p 5.14 0.35 IA198-1 Prospira greenockensis cf NL/SL L NL f 4.87 -0.97 IA198-2 L m 3.43 -3.57 IA199-1 Prospira greenockensis cf NL/SL L NL f 5.22 -0.33 IA199-2 NL f 5.60 -0.66 IA199-3 L m 3.50 -3.44 IA200-a-1 Prospira greenockensis p+f NL/SL L L NL p 5.25 -0.74 IA200-b-1 NL f 5.13 -0.49 IA200-b-2 L m 3.91 -3.17 Kinderhookian, Wassonville Fm., dolomitic limestone (Keota Quarry, IA) IA152-1 Spirifer 21579 p NL/SL L L NL/SL p 2.92 -2.77 IA152-2 L m 1.82 -4.28 IA153-1 Spirifer 21579 p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 3.22 -3.27 IA153-2 L m 2.17 -4.64 IA154-1 Spirifer 21579 f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL f 2.64 -3.40 IA154-2 L m 1.95 -4.93 IA154-3 DL/SNL c 0.25 -8.20 IA155-1 Spirifer 21579 p NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL p 3.05 -2.77 IA155-2 L/SNL m 1.51 -5.38 IA156-1 Spirifer 21579 p+f NL/SL L L NL/SL p 2.90 -3.08 IA156-2 L m 1.47 -4.81 IA158 Spirifer 21579 p NL L Silicn. NL p 2.98 -2.98 IA162-1 Spirifer 21579 p NL/SL L L NL p 3.08 -2.78 IA162-2 L m 0.96 -6.02 IA164 Spirifer 21579 p+f NL L L Silicn. NL p 3.11 -2.77 IA168 Spirifer 21579 p+f NL/SL L L NL p 2.24 -3.07 IA173-1 Composita sp. p+f NL/SL L DL NL p 2.98 -2.66 IA173-2 L c -5.52 -8.28 IA174 Composita sp. p NL/SL L SP NL p 3.24 -2.51 Kinderhookian, Starrs Cave Fm., oolitic limestone (Starrs Cave Park, IA) IA175-1 Spirifer 21579 p L/SNL L L NL/SL p 2.54 -3.17 IA175-2 L shell 3.16 -3.13 IA178-1 Spirifer 21579 p NL/SL L L NL/SL p 2.11 -3.48 IA179-1 Spirifer 21579 p NL/SL L L NL/SL p 2.40 -2.55 IA179-2 L m 1.12 -4.78 IA187-1 Spirifer ? p L/SNL L L NL/SL p 2.20 -2.02 IA187-2 L/SNL f 1.82 -3.83 IA188-1 Spirifer? p NL/SL L L NL/SL p 2.22 -2.84 IA188-2 L m 1.18 -4.48 IA189-1 Spirifer? p NL/SL L L NL p 2.32 -3.06 IA189-2 L m 1.09 -4.28 IA190-1 Spirifer? p NL/SL L L NL p 2.33 -4.02 IA190-2 L m 1.65 -4.17 IA190-3 NL p 3.04 -3.23 IA191-1 Spirifer? p NL/SL L L NL p 1.74 -3.02 IA191-2 L m 1.15 -4.24 Kinderhookian, Glen Park Fm., limestone (Irish Hollow, Hamburg, IL) ILL114-1 Syringothyris extenuata f L/SNL L thin NL/SL f 0.63 -4.79 ILL114-2 L m 1.09 -4.63 ILL115-1 Syringothyris extenuata f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL/SL f 0.95 -5.14 ILL115-2 L m 0.94 -4.72 ILL116-a-1 Syringothyris extenuata f NL/SL L L Silicn. NL cf 1.08 -5.53 ILL116-a-2 NL f 1.01 -5.50 ILL116-b-1 NL cf 1.28 -5.48 ILL116-b-2 NL f 0.91 -5.49 ILL116-b-3 L m -0.18 -5.69 ILL117-c-1 Syringothyris extenuata gf NL/SL L Silicn. NL f 1.57 -5.90 ILL117-c-2 NL f 1.12 -6.08 ILL118-1 Syringothyris extenuata cf NL/SL L NL f 1.03 -4.90 ILL118-2 L m 0.67 -4.41 ILL120-1 Syringothyris extenuata f NL/SL L Silicn. NL/SL u 1.19 -5.00 ILL120-2 L m 0.75 -5.03 ILL121-1 Syringothyris extenuata u NL/SL L Silicn. NL/SL u 1.54 -5.46 ILL121-2 NL/SL u 1.13 -5.57 ILL123-a-1 Syringothyris extenuata cf NL/SL L Silicn. NL f 0.67 -5.19 ILL123-a-2 L m 3.41 -4.28 ILL124-a-1 Syringothyris extenuata f NL L Silicn. NL/SL f 1.02 -6.30 ILL124-a-2+3 L m 0.49 -4.69 ILL124-b-1 NL f 1.26 -6.17 ILL124-b-2 NL f 1.29 -4.60 ILL129-1 Syringothyris extenuata cf NL L L NL f 1.77 -5.72 ILL129-2 L m 1.03 -4.69 Note: Detailed information of the samples we personally collected are as follows: In ascending order, the Kinderhookian Stage sampling intervals include Glen Park Fm. (Irish Hollow, Hamburg, Illinois), Starrs Cave Fm. (Starrs Cave Park, 1/2 mile north of Burlington, Iowa), Wassonville Fm. (Keota quarry, 1 mile SE of Keota, Iowa), and Gilmore City Fm. (Hallett and Midwest quarries, Gilmore City, Iowa). The Osagian Stage sampling intervals include Fern Glen Fm. (Rt. 21 roadcut, southwest edge of greater St. Louis, Missouri), Burlington Fm. (Keota quarry, 1 mile SE of Keota, Iowa), and Edwardsville Fm. (Etter Farms, Martinsville, Indiana). The Meramecian Stage sampling intervals include Warsaw Fm. (Meramec River bridge and Pink Elephant site, SW edge of metropolitan St. Louis, Missouri) and Ullin Fm. (Columbia roadcut, 1 mile SE of town Columbia, Illinois). The Chesterian sampling intervals are Pella Fm. (Oskaloosa quarry, 4 miles NNE of Oskaloosa; and Taylor quarry, 5 miles SSE of Delta, Iowa), Ridenhower Fm. (Vogel School, 5 miles NE of Waterloo, Illinois), Chlore Fm. (Robb's Station RR cut, 35 mile SE of Carbondale, Illinois), Fraileys Fm. (Intersection of Rt. 146 and I-57, 20 miles SSE of Carbondale, Illinois), Pitkin Fm. (Adair-Cherokee county line, 14 miles SE of Tahlequah, Oklahoma), and Kincaid Fm. (Millstone Bluff quarry, 35 miles SE of Carbondale, Illinois). The Morrowan Stage sampling interval is Sausbee Fm. (Chisum quarry, 3.5 miles NW of Gore; Webbers Falls section, 3.5 miles NW of Webbers Falls; and Singin T Acres section, 9 miles SSE of Tahlequah, Oklahoma). The Desmoinesian samples, in ascending order, were collected from Dickerson Fm. (Dickerson beds, Martin Ranch, southwest of Dennis Bridge, Texas), Lazy Bend Fm. (Dennis Bridge, southwest of Weatherford, Texas), Lower Grindstone Creek Fm. (Weatherford quarry, west of Weatherford, Texas), and Upper Grindstone Creek Fm. (junction of Rt. 4 and I 20, west of Weatherford, Texas). *Number after dash represents the number of the sample area (field of view). "a", "b", etc. distinguish samples from the same field of view. Capital letters indicate additional samples to existed sample numbers.  MS = microstructure; p = prismatic, f = fibrous, cf = coarsely fibrous, gf = granular fibrous, u = unclear, op = opaque. ¤L.C. = luminescence character; NL = nonluminescent, SL = slightly luminescent, L = luminescent, SNL = slightly nonluminescent #M = matrix **M. A. = material analyzed; c = cement, m = matrix   Silicn. = silicification Mii et al.--TABLE DR1 - 10 -